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The expression ‘steroid’ is applied to a group of naturally occurring or synthetic fat-soluble organic compounds whose structure is chemically based on a steroid nucleus - a hydrogenated cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system or seventeen carbon atoms arranged in four rings. Many hormones, body constituents and drugs are steroids. All vitamins of the Vitamin group, the bile acids cardiac aglycones, sterols like cholesterol, some carcinogenic hydrocarbons, and some corticosteroid drugs like prednisone are all steroids. Synthetic chemical analogues of many of the naturally occurring steroids are vital in medicine. Both natural and synthetic steroids are used to treat many disorders and play a vital role in the normal functioning of the body. Different Types of Steroids There are three different types of steroids which include anabolic, androgenic, and cortico steroids. Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids were developed in the 1930s and were used in the treatment of hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes fail to produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development and sexual functions. Anabolic steroids were used medically to treat delayed puberty and wasting of the body due to HIV- infection and other diseases. It was then discovered that the compounds of these steroids could make easy the growth of skeletal muscle, this discovery led to the use of steroids in bodybuilders and athletes. Large amount of muscle mass in males is due to the nitrogen-retaining effects of androgen. Androgen has a property of protein building that can lead to the increase of muscle and strength. The word anabolic comes from the Greek word which means ‘build up’. This type of steroid is most popular to people, having names such as roids, juice, and pumpers. Cortico Steroids Cortico steroids are generic for a group of hormones that possess an action similar to that of cortisone. These are man made and will mimic cortisone activity. Produced naturally in the body, Cortisone is involved in regulating inflammation. This helps our body deal with injuries. These steroids are used in the treatment of many diseases such as eczema, allergies, kidney disease and asthma. Androgenic Steroids Androgenic effects are seen in the growth of the male reproductive tract and the development of male secondary sexual traits. Where as anabolic effects are seen as the thickening of the body’s non-reproductive tract with tissues including bones, vocal chords, and a decrease in body fat. These steroids can also be used for the treatment of vascular manifestations due to Behçet’s disease, hereditary angioedema to treat aplastic anemia and to reduce itching of biliary obstruction. Side Effects of Steroids Many side effects of steroids are irreversible. These side effects may not be noticed by the user until it is too late. Side effects include: Acne and cysts on the skin accompanied by an oily scalp and dry hair, this is seen in both men and women. Liver problems may also occur, problems such as cancer. Heart attacks and the enlargement of the hearts left ventricle has been seen in many men and women using steroids. Hormonal system damage in men can be infertility, shrinking of the testicles, and development of breasts. In women excessive hair growth and the enlargement of the clitoris has been seen. Both men and women will suffer from male-pattern baldness. Using steroids is never a good idea. Many athletes and body builders use steroids. Although they may help you to gain the muscle mass that you want, you will have more health problems after word than you could have ever imagined. Be healthy and be fit, but don’t steroids because someone else is doing it.
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